Difference between revisions of "Designing Protest"
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Source: Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Vol. 2: The Methods of Nonviolent Action (Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers, 1973). | Source: Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Vol. 2: The Methods of Nonviolent Action (Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers, 1973). | ||
| − | Formal Statements | + | Formal Statements: |
| − | + | # Public Speeches (Egypt; E; WA-USA) | |
| − | + | # Letters of opposition or support | |
| − | + | # Declarations by organizations and institutions (Egypt) | |
| − | + | # Signed public statements (Egypt; Libya; Bahrain; E) | |
| − | + | # Declarations of indictment and intention | |
| − | + | # Group or mass petitions | |
Communications with a Wider Audience | Communications with a Wider Audience | ||
| − | + | # Slogans, caricatures, and symbols (Egypt; E; E; Libya; WI-USA; B; L; L; WI-USA) | |
| − | + | # Banners, posters, and displayed communications (Egypt; Iraq; UK; WI-USA; WA-USA; ME-USA; Athens-GR; Bologna-IT; Albany, NY-USA) | |
| − | + | # Leaflets, pamphlets, and books (Egypt; E; PA-USA; PA-USA; Madrid-ES; Barcelona-ES) | |
| − | + | # Newspapers and journals (Libya; UK; Libya; WI-USA) | |
| − | + | # Records, radio, and television (Egypt; E) | |
| − | + | # Skywriting and earthwriting | |
Group Representations | Group Representations | ||
| − | + | # Deputations | |
| − | + | # Mock awards | |
| − | + | # Group lobbying (WI-USA) | |
| − | + | # Picketing (US airports) | |
| − | + | # Mock elections | |
Symbolic Public Acts | Symbolic Public Acts | ||
| − | + | # Displays of flags and symbolic colors (Egypt; E) | |
| − | + | # Wearing of symbols | |
| − | + | # Prayer and worship (Egypt) | |
| − | + | # Delivering symbolic objects (Egypt; Bahrein; Afghanistan; Spain) | |
| − | + | # Protest disrobings | |
| − | + | # Destruction of own property | |
| − | + | # Symbolic lights | |
| − | + | # Displays of portraits (Libya) | |
| − | + | # Paint as protest (Egypt; E) | |
| − | + | # New signs and names | |
| − | + | # Symbolic sounds (UK) | |
| − | + | # Symbolic reclamations (Egypt) | |
| − | + | # Rude gestures (Egypt) | |
Pressures on Individuals | Pressures on Individuals | ||
| − | + | # "Haunting" officials GR | |
| − | + | # Taunting officials (GR; Albany, NY-USA) | |
| − | + | # Fraternization (Egypt; E; PA-USA; WI-USA) | |
| − | + | # Vigils | |
Drama and Music | Drama and Music | ||
| − | + | # Humorous skits and pranks (Bangles; E; UK; WI-USA; Spain) | |
| − | + | # Performances of plays and music (WI-USA) | |
| − | + | # Singing (Bangles; CA-USA BoA flash mob; DC-USA) | |
Processions | Processions | ||
| − | + | # Marches (Egypt; WI-USA; Yemen; OH-USA; LA-USA) | |
| − | + | # Parades | |
| − | + | # Religious processions | |
| − | + | # Pilgrimages | |
| − | + | # Motorcades | |
Honoring the Dead | Honoring the Dead | ||
| − | + | # Political mourning (Bahrain) | |
| − | + | # Mock funerals (Suez-E) | |
| − | + | # Demonstrative funerals (Bahrain; B) | |
| − | + | # Homage at burial places | |
Public Assemblies | Public Assemblies | ||
| − | + | # Assemblies of protest or support (Egypt; Libya; Iraq; Yemen; UK; UK; WI-USA; WI-USA; Libya; UK; L; L; US airports; Greece; PA-USA; MA-USA) | |
| − | + | # Protest meetings (#occupywallstreet US). | |
| − | + | # Camouflaged meetings of protest | |
| − | + | # Teach-ins (Philadelphia, PA). | |
Withdrawal and Renunciation | Withdrawal and Renunciation | ||
| − | + | # Walk-outs (Stoughton, WI) | |
| − | + | # Silence | |
| − | + | # Renouncing honors | |
| − | + | # Turning one's back (USA) | |
| − | THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION | + | === THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION === |
Ostracism of Persons | Ostracism of Persons | ||
| − | + | # Social boycott | |
| − | + | # Selective social boycott (USA) | |
| − | + | # Lysistratic nonaction (USA VA; Spain) | |
| − | + | # Excommunication | |
| − | + | # Interdict | |
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions | Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions | ||
| − | + | # Suspension of social and sports activities | |
| − | + | # Boycott of social affairs | |
| − | + | # Student strike | |
| − | + | # Social disobedience | |
| − | + | # Withdrawal from social institutions | |
Withdrawal from the Social System | Withdrawal from the Social System | ||
| − | + | # Stay-at-home | |
| − | + | # Total personal noncooperation | |
| − | + | # "Flight" of workers | |
| − | + | # Sanctuary | |
| − | + | # Collective disappearance | |
| − | + | # Protest emigration (hijrat) | |
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: (1) ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS | THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: (1) ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS | ||
Actions by Consumers | Actions by Consumers | ||
| − | + | # Consumers' boycott | |
| − | + | # Nonconsumption of boycotted goods | |
| − | + | # Policy of austerity (USA) | |
| − | + | # Rent withholding | |
| − | + | # Refusal to rent USA | |
| − | + | # National consumers' boycott | |
| − | + | # International consumers' boycott | |
Action by Workers and Producers | Action by Workers and Producers | ||
| − | + | # Workmen's boycott | |
| − | + | # Producers' boycott | |
Action by Middlemen | Action by Middlemen | ||
| − | + | # Suppliers' and handlers' boycott | |
Action by Owners and Management | Action by Owners and Management | ||
| − | + | # Traders' boycott | |
| − | + | # Refusal to let or sell property | |
| − | + | # Lockout | |
| − | + | # Refusal of industrial assistance | |
| − | + | # Merchants' "general strike" | |
Action by Holders of Financial Resources | Action by Holders of Financial Resources | ||
| − | + | # Withdrawal of bank deposits (USA; WI-USA) | |
| − | + | # Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments (Greece) | |
| − | + | # Refusal to pay debts or interest (USA; USA) | |
| − | + | # Severance of funds and credit | |
| − | + | # Revenue refusal (USA) | |
| − | + | # Refusal of a government's money | |
Action by Governments | Action by Governments | ||
| − | + | # Domestic embargo | |
| − | + | # Blacklisting of traders | |
| − | + | # International sellers' embargo | |
| − | + | # International buyers' embargo | |
| − | + | # International trade embargo | |
| − | THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: (2)THE STRIKE | + | === THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: (2)THE STRIKE === |
Symbolic Strikes | Symbolic Strikes | ||
| − | + | # Protest strike | |
| − | + | # Quickie walkout (lightning strike) | |
Agricultural Strikes | Agricultural Strikes | ||
| − | + | # Peasant strike | |
| − | + | # Farm Workers' strike | |
Strikes by Special Groups | Strikes by Special Groups | ||
| − | + | # Refusal of impressed labor | |
| − | + | # Prisoners' strike | |
| − | + | # Craft strike | |
| − | + | # Professional strike (WI-USA; WI-USA) | |
Ordinary Industrial Strikes | Ordinary Industrial Strikes | ||
| − | + | # Establishment strike | |
| − | + | # Industry strike (Egypt) | |
| − | + | # Sympathetic strike | |
Restricted Strikes | Restricted Strikes | ||
| − | + | # Detailed strike | |
| − | + | # Bumper strike | |
| − | + | # Slowdown strike | |
| − | + | # Working-to-rule strike | |
| − | + | # Reporting "sick" (sick-in) | |
| − | + | # Strike by resignation | |
| − | + | # Limited strike | |
| − | + | # Selective strike | |
Multi-Industry Strikes | Multi-Industry Strikes | ||
| − | + | # Generalized strike | |
| − | + | # General strike (Egypt) | |
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures | Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures | ||
| − | + | # Hartal | |
| − | + | # Economic shutdown | |
| − | THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION | + | === THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION === |
Rejection of Authority | Rejection of Authority | ||
| − | + | # Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance | |
| − | + | # Refusal of public support | |
| − | + | # Literature and speeches advocating resistance | |
Citizens' Noncooperation with Government | Citizens' Noncooperation with Government | ||
| − | + | # Boycott of legislative bodies | |
| − | + | # Boycott of elections | |
| − | + | # Boycott of government employment and positions | |
| − | + | # Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies | |
| − | + | # Withdrawal from government educational institutions | |
| − | + | # Boycott of government-supported organizations | |
| − | + | # Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents | |
| − | + | # Removal of own signs and placemarks | |
| − | + | # Refusal to accept appointed officials | |
| − | + | # Refusal to dissolve existing institutions | |
Citizens' Alternatives to Obedience | Citizens' Alternatives to Obedience | ||
| − | + | # Reluctant and slow compliance | |
| − | + | # Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision | |
| − | + | # Popular nonobedience | |
| − | + | # Disguised disobedience | |
| − | + | # Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse (WI-USA) | |
| − | + | # Sitdown (Egypt) | |
| − | + | # Noncooperation with conscription and deportation | |
| − | + | # Hiding, escape, and false identities | |
| − | + | # Civil disobedience of "illegitimate" laws (Egypt; E) | |
Action by Government Personnel | Action by Government Personnel | ||
| − | + | # Selective refusal of assistance by government aides | |
| − | + | # Blocking of lines of command and information | |
| − | + | # Stalling and obstruction | |
| − | + | # General administrative noncooperation | |
| − | + | # Judicial noncooperation | |
| − | + | # Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents | |
| − | + | # Mutiny (Egypt; E) | |
Domestic Governmental Action | Domestic Governmental Action | ||
| − | + | # Quasi-legal evasions and delays | |
| − | + | # Noncooperation by constituent governmental units (IN-USA) | |
International Governmental Action | International Governmental Action | ||
| − | + | # Changes in diplomatic and other representations | |
| − | + | # Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events | |
| − | + | # Withholding of diplomatic recognition | |
| − | + | # Severance of diplomatic relations | |
| − | + | # Withdrawal from international organizations | |
| − | + | # Refusal of membership in international bodies | |
| − | + | # Expulsion from international organizations | |
| − | THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION | + | === THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION === |
Psychological Intervention | Psychological Intervention | ||
| − | + | # Self-exposure to the elements (#occupywallstreet US) | |
| − | + | # The fast | |
| − | + | ## Fast of moral pressure | |
| − | + | ## Hunger strike | |
| − | + | ## Satyagrahic fast | |
| − | + | # Reverse trial | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent harassment | |
Physical Intervention | Physical Intervention | ||
| − | + | # Sit-in (Yemen; UK; DC-USA (Keystone XL)) | |
| − | + | # Stand-in | |
| − | + | # Ride-in | |
| − | + | # Wade-in | |
| − | + | # Mill-in | |
| − | + | # Pray-in | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent raids | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent air raids | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent invasion (UK) | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent interjection | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent obstruction (Athens-GR; Barcelona-ES; Athens-GR; Albany, NY-USA). | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent occupation (Bahrain; B; UK; WI-USA; B; B; WI-USA; WI-USA; WA-USA; CA-USA BoA flash mob; PA-USA "play in"; DC-USA; PA-USA (Philly Uncut); Spain; (Athens-GR; Bologna-IT; Athens-GR; Cairo-E). | |
Social Intervention | Social Intervention | ||
| − | + | # Establishing new social patterns (Egypt; E; E; Bahrain; WI-USA; WI-USA; PA-USA; Spain; Madrid-ES; Madrid-ES; Athens-GR; Athens-GR; (#occupywallstreet US)) | |
| − | + | # Overloading of facilities (#occupywallstreet US) | |
| − | + | # Stall-in | |
| − | + | # Speak-in | |
| − | + | # Guerrilla theater | |
| − | + | # Alternative social institutions (Egypt) | |
| − | + | # Alternative communication system (Egypt; E; Libya; WI-USA; L; L; OH-USA; Arab world; Madrid-ES; (#occupywallstreet US)) | |
Economic Intervention | Economic Intervention | ||
| − | + | # Reverse strike | |
| − | + | # Stay-in strike | |
| − | + | # Nonviolent land seizure | |
| − | + | # Defiance of blockades | |
| − | + | # Politically motivated counterfeiting | |
| − | + | # Preclusive purchasing | |
| − | + | # Seizure of assets | |
| − | + | # Dumping | |
| − | + | # Selective patronage | |
| − | + | # Alternative markets | |
| − | + | # Alternative transportation systems (Uganda) | |
| − | + | # Alternative economic institutions | |
Political Intervention | Political Intervention | ||
| − | + | # Overloading of administrative systems | |
| − | + | # Disclosing identities of secret agents | |
| − | + | # Seeking imprisonment | |
| − | + | # Civil disobedience of "neutral" laws (Egypt; E; WI-USA; DC-USA) | |
| − | + | # Work-on without collaboration | |
| − | + | # Dual sovereignty and parallel government (Egypt; E; E; E) | |
Revision as of 10:57, 9 October 2013
- Cynthia Weber, James Bridle, David Benque's The New Weathermen
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance
Contents
The Methods of Nonviolent Action
Source: Gene Sharp, The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Vol. 2: The Methods of Nonviolent Action (Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers, 1973).
Formal Statements:
- Public Speeches (Egypt; E; WA-USA)
- Letters of opposition or support
- Declarations by organizations and institutions (Egypt)
- Signed public statements (Egypt; Libya; Bahrain; E)
- Declarations of indictment and intention
- Group or mass petitions
Communications with a Wider Audience
- Slogans, caricatures, and symbols (Egypt; E; E; Libya; WI-USA; B; L; L; WI-USA)
- Banners, posters, and displayed communications (Egypt; Iraq; UK; WI-USA; WA-USA; ME-USA; Athens-GR; Bologna-IT; Albany, NY-USA)
- Leaflets, pamphlets, and books (Egypt; E; PA-USA; PA-USA; Madrid-ES; Barcelona-ES)
- Newspapers and journals (Libya; UK; Libya; WI-USA)
- Records, radio, and television (Egypt; E)
- Skywriting and earthwriting
Group Representations
- Deputations
- Mock awards
- Group lobbying (WI-USA)
- Picketing (US airports)
- Mock elections
Symbolic Public Acts
- Displays of flags and symbolic colors (Egypt; E)
- Wearing of symbols
- Prayer and worship (Egypt)
- Delivering symbolic objects (Egypt; Bahrein; Afghanistan; Spain)
- Protest disrobings
- Destruction of own property
- Symbolic lights
- Displays of portraits (Libya)
- Paint as protest (Egypt; E)
- New signs and names
- Symbolic sounds (UK)
- Symbolic reclamations (Egypt)
- Rude gestures (Egypt)
Pressures on Individuals
- "Haunting" officials GR
- Taunting officials (GR; Albany, NY-USA)
- Fraternization (Egypt; E; PA-USA; WI-USA)
- Vigils
Drama and Music
- Humorous skits and pranks (Bangles; E; UK; WI-USA; Spain)
- Performances of plays and music (WI-USA)
- Singing (Bangles; CA-USA BoA flash mob; DC-USA)
Processions
- Marches (Egypt; WI-USA; Yemen; OH-USA; LA-USA)
- Parades
- Religious processions
- Pilgrimages
- Motorcades
Honoring the Dead
- Political mourning (Bahrain)
- Mock funerals (Suez-E)
- Demonstrative funerals (Bahrain; B)
- Homage at burial places
Public Assemblies
- Assemblies of protest or support (Egypt; Libya; Iraq; Yemen; UK; UK; WI-USA; WI-USA; Libya; UK; L; L; US airports; Greece; PA-USA; MA-USA)
- Protest meetings (#occupywallstreet US).
- Camouflaged meetings of protest
- Teach-ins (Philadelphia, PA).
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- Walk-outs (Stoughton, WI)
- Silence
- Renouncing honors
- Turning one's back (USA)
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
Ostracism of Persons
- Social boycott
- Selective social boycott (USA)
- Lysistratic nonaction (USA VA; Spain)
- Excommunication
- Interdict
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- Suspension of social and sports activities
- Boycott of social affairs
- Student strike
- Social disobedience
- Withdrawal from social institutions
Withdrawal from the Social System
- Stay-at-home
- Total personal noncooperation
- "Flight" of workers
- Sanctuary
- Collective disappearance
- Protest emigration (hijrat)
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: (1) ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS Actions by Consumers
- Consumers' boycott
- Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- Policy of austerity (USA)
- Rent withholding
- Refusal to rent USA
- National consumers' boycott
- International consumers' boycott
Action by Workers and Producers
- Workmen's boycott
- Producers' boycott
Action by Middlemen
- Suppliers' and handlers' boycott
Action by Owners and Management
- Traders' boycott
- Refusal to let or sell property
- Lockout
- Refusal of industrial assistance
- Merchants' "general strike"
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- Withdrawal of bank deposits (USA; WI-USA)
- Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments (Greece)
- Refusal to pay debts or interest (USA; USA)
- Severance of funds and credit
- Revenue refusal (USA)
- Refusal of a government's money
Action by Governments
- Domestic embargo
- Blacklisting of traders
- International sellers' embargo
- International buyers' embargo
- International trade embargo
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: (2)THE STRIKE
Symbolic Strikes
- Protest strike
- Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
Agricultural Strikes
- Peasant strike
- Farm Workers' strike
Strikes by Special Groups
- Refusal of impressed labor
- Prisoners' strike
- Craft strike
- Professional strike (WI-USA; WI-USA)
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- Establishment strike
- Industry strike (Egypt)
- Sympathetic strike
Restricted Strikes
- Detailed strike
- Bumper strike
- Slowdown strike
- Working-to-rule strike
- Reporting "sick" (sick-in)
- Strike by resignation
- Limited strike
- Selective strike
Multi-Industry Strikes
- Generalized strike
- General strike (Egypt)
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- Hartal
- Economic shutdown
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
Rejection of Authority
- Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- Refusal of public support
- Literature and speeches advocating resistance
Citizens' Noncooperation with Government
- Boycott of legislative bodies
- Boycott of elections
- Boycott of government employment and positions
- Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- Boycott of government-supported organizations
- Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- Removal of own signs and placemarks
- Refusal to accept appointed officials
- Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
Citizens' Alternatives to Obedience
- Reluctant and slow compliance
- Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- Popular nonobedience
- Disguised disobedience
- Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse (WI-USA)
- Sitdown (Egypt)
- Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- Hiding, escape, and false identities
- Civil disobedience of "illegitimate" laws (Egypt; E)
Action by Government Personnel
- Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- Blocking of lines of command and information
- Stalling and obstruction
- General administrative noncooperation
- Judicial noncooperation
- Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- Mutiny (Egypt; E)
Domestic Governmental Action
- Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- Noncooperation by constituent governmental units (IN-USA)
International Governmental Action
- Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- Severance of diplomatic relations
- Withdrawal from international organizations
- Refusal of membership in international bodies
- Expulsion from international organizations
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
Psychological Intervention
- Self-exposure to the elements (#occupywallstreet US)
- The fast
- Fast of moral pressure
- Hunger strike
- Satyagrahic fast
- Reverse trial
- Nonviolent harassment
Physical Intervention
- Sit-in (Yemen; UK; DC-USA (Keystone XL))
- Stand-in
- Ride-in
- Wade-in
- Mill-in
- Pray-in
- Nonviolent raids
- Nonviolent air raids
- Nonviolent invasion (UK)
- Nonviolent interjection
- Nonviolent obstruction (Athens-GR; Barcelona-ES; Athens-GR; Albany, NY-USA).
- Nonviolent occupation (Bahrain; B; UK; WI-USA; B; B; WI-USA; WI-USA; WA-USA; CA-USA BoA flash mob; PA-USA "play in"; DC-USA; PA-USA (Philly Uncut); Spain; (Athens-GR; Bologna-IT; Athens-GR; Cairo-E).
Social Intervention
- Establishing new social patterns (Egypt; E; E; Bahrain; WI-USA; WI-USA; PA-USA; Spain; Madrid-ES; Madrid-ES; Athens-GR; Athens-GR; (#occupywallstreet US))
- Overloading of facilities (#occupywallstreet US)
- Stall-in
- Speak-in
- Guerrilla theater
- Alternative social institutions (Egypt)
- Alternative communication system (Egypt; E; Libya; WI-USA; L; L; OH-USA; Arab world; Madrid-ES; (#occupywallstreet US))
Economic Intervention
- Reverse strike
- Stay-in strike
- Nonviolent land seizure
- Defiance of blockades
- Politically motivated counterfeiting
- Preclusive purchasing
- Seizure of assets
- Dumping
- Selective patronage
- Alternative markets
- Alternative transportation systems (Uganda)
- Alternative economic institutions
Political Intervention
- Overloading of administrative systems
- Disclosing identities of secret agents
- Seeking imprisonment
- Civil disobedience of "neutral" laws (Egypt; E; WI-USA; DC-USA)
- Work-on without collaboration
- Dual sovereignty and parallel government (Egypt; E; E; E)
